History of Cocoa

Mankind’s quest to get inebriated drove much of technological progress. Discoveries at Göbekli Tepe showed that hunter-gatherers made beer from barley 11,000 years ago, before they discovered agriculture and bread-making. Similarly, rice was used to make beer in Qiaotou in southern China 9,000 years ago. Neither rice nor barley grow in Central America, so locals had to find something Read More

BOXX as an Alternative to T-bills

Summary  The BOXX ETF provides returns that closely track those of Treasury bills. Due to a quirk in the US tax code, BOXX ETF profits are taxed as capital gains, not investment income. That means that long-term holders of BOXX pay long-term capital gains rates which can be much lower than ordinary income tax rates. Read More

Review of Bitcoin spot ETFs

Summary The introduction of Bitcoin spot ETFs on Jan. 11 added a new class of products for investors looking for exposure to Bitcoin. We recommend that holders of existing Bitcoin ETFs (GBTC and BITO) consider selling their positions. Most investors should move to iShares or Fidelity ETFs, with Bitwise also being a reasonable alternative. Bitcoin ETFs Read More

View from Crystal Bay: The Ballad of Kumtor Gold

Central Asia is the region between the Caspian Sea and China, bounded in the north by Russian Siberia and in the south by Iran and Afghanistan. In the old days, it was known under the names of Transoxiana or Western Turkestan. It was inhabited both by nomadic herders who roamed the steppes and by urban Read More

View from Crystal Bay: Taking on Inflation, Then and Now

The scepter of inflation is haunting the land. It remains to be seen whether it’s only Casper the Ghost, good for scaring small children, or whether we’re dealing with a full blown Poltergeist. We will have our answer soon enough. But it’s not too early to ask ourselves what should we do if relevant authorities Read More